Process for obtaining irregular shadow dyeings on polyester fibers and mixtures thereof

ABSTRACT

Process for obtaining irregular tone-in-tone effects, shadow effects or multi-color effects on polyester fibers and blends thereof by padding polyester fiber-containing warps with sizing liquors which contain in addition to sizing agents alkali-susceptible disperse dyestuffs, with subsequent drying and waving with weft yarn undyed or dyed in a different kind, without prior fixation, which process comprises binding the piece-goods so obtained to a rope, loosely tying them and spraying them with aqueous solutions of alkalis which are free from oxidizing or reducing chemicals, irregularly and unevenly from outside, thermosoling them after opening the rope to fix the dyestuff and after-treating them.

The present invention relates to a process for obtaining irregular shadow dyeings on polyester fibers and mixtures thereof.

The preparation of local tone-in-tone effects or shadow effects by printing half-discharge pastes or half-resist pastes is known. The printing pastes so applied contain oxidizing or reducing chemicals or reserves having a mechanical effect which destroy the padded, dyed or cross-padded dyestuff entirely or in parts or hamper its fixation.

Moreover, it is known, that disperse dyes in aqueous solutions show a more or less distinctly marked susceptibility to alkalis which leads to difficulties in some dyeing methods, for example, in the single-bath dyeing.

Now it was found that in the padding of polyester fiber-containing warps with sizing liquors which contain in addition to sizing agents alkali-susceptible disperse dyes, and with subsequent drying and waving with undyed or differently dyed weft yarn without prior fixation, irregular, local tone-in-tone effects, shadow effects and multi-color effects can be obtained on polyester fibers and mixtures thereof, preferably with celluulose fibers, by binding the piece goods so obtained ("Denim article") to a rope with or without distortion in warp direction (optionally at about meter intervals), tying them loosely and spraying them irregularly and unevenly from outside with aqueous solutions of alkalis which are free from oxidizing or reducing chemicals, thermosoling them after opening the rope to fix the dyestuff and after-treating them in usual manner.

In the process of the invention, suitable alkalis are the hydroxides, carbonates or triphosphates of alkali metals, preferably sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate, especially in a concentration of 1 to 25 g/l of sodium hydroxide or 1 to 20 g/l of sodium carbonate, or mixtures of both in the range indicated. Equivalent amounts of potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate can also be used. The pH value of these solutions measured at 20°C is always between 10.5 and 14.

Depending on the susceptibility to alkalis of the dyestuffs used and on the concentration and the amount of the alkaline solution applied tone-in-tone effects or shadow effects are obtained at the places treated having diffuse outlines on the warps due to a more or less heavily marked local lightening of the disperse dyestuff. This dyestuff cannot be fixed, due to a chemical or physical structure influence, in parts or in total at the places sprayed.

Thus, the process of the invention takes advantage of the susceptibility to alkali of many disperse dyes which is very troublesome in other cases. The lightening effects are irregular with diffuse outlines, are in the form of stripes following about warp direction and have an aspect of the character of not fast dyeings under heavy local strain.

In another form of carrying out the process of the invention, the same effects can also be obtained when finished piece-goods made of polyester fiber/cellulose blends are taken, and the fabric padded with these disperse dyes and dried is subjected in rope form to the alkali treatment described and the operation is continued in corresponding manner.

Suitable disperse dyes for the process of the invention are those of the general formula ##EQU1## and B -- O -- R₃ wherein A is a mono or disazo dyestuff radical, R₁ is a direct bond, --CH₂ -- or --C₂ H₄ --, R₂ is --CH₂ -- or --C₂ H₄ --, Z₁ is --H, --OH, --CN or --OOC--CH₃, Z₂ is --H, ##EQU2## --CN, --OOC--CH₃ or ##SPC1##

B is an amino-hydroxy-anthraquinone radical substituted or unsubstituted by halogen, R₃ is --H, an aryl or alkyl radical, which is linked with the anthraquinone radical over an ether bridge, preferably in 2-position.

The alkaline spraying liquors are in any case free from reducing or oxidizing chemicals, however, if necessary, they contain hydrotropic substances, such as, for example polyalkylene glycols which somewhat favour the lightening in the thermosoling process.

Moreover, alkali-resisting disperse dyestuffs or reactive dyestuffs, the latter ones in the case of polyester/cellulose blends, can be added to the spraying liquors, the range of patterns in the direction of multi-color effects thus becoming wider.

It was surprising that the sizing agents did not exercise an essential influence on the dyestuff yield, that they even favoured the lightening at the alkalized places and resisted to the thermal conditions of the thermosol process without deteriorating their water-solubility, that is to say, their property of being washed out.

The thermosol process for the fixation of the disperse dyes is carried out in known manner, preferably with dry heat at a temperature ranging from 180° to 230°C.

The disperse dyes and reactive dyes used are known products, for example those registered in Color Index, 3rd edition, vol. 2 or 3 under the name of "Disperse Dyes" and "Reactive Dyes".

The following examples illustrate the invention.

EXAMPLE 1:

Warps made of polyester fiber/cotton-plain yarn (mixing ratio: 67 : 33) was padded on a sizing machine with a sizing liquor, the liquor absorption being 80 %. This aqueous liquor contained per liter

30 g of a high viscous polyvinyl alcohol

32 g of a low viscous polyvinyl alcohol

3 g of an anionic softening agent on the basis of paraffin and

40 g of the disperse dye of the formula ##SPC2##

After sizing and drying the warps were woven with undyed weft yarn of the same type ("Denim"). These piece-goods were irregularly bound to a rope with or without distortion longitudinally and loosely tied at about meter intervals. The rope was sprayed at pleasure from outside on all sides with an aqueous liquor heated to room temperature which contained per liter

6.5 g of sodium hydroxide

3.5 g of sodium carbonate and

15 g of polyethylene glycol of the molar weight 600.

The spraying intensity, that is to say the local liquor absorption, was adjusted such that wet zones (intense spraying) and moist zones (gentle spraying) alternated. After opening the rope, the material was thermosoled at 200°C for 60 seconds without intermediate drying. After washing out and the usual after-treatment, irregular, preferably striped tone-in-tone lightenings following about warp direction were obtained having diffuse outlines on middle-blue ground.

When the alkaline liquor mentioned above was used simultaneously with a second one which contained per liter of water, with the same alkali concentration, still

30 g of an alkali-resistent disperse dye of the formula ##SPC3##

there were obtained beside the lightening effect multi-color superposition effects from orange to greenish on the warp and an orange effect on the weft yarns. In this case, only the polyester portion of the fiber blend was dyed. When unblended polyester fibers were used in warp and in weft, for example staple fiber material, intensified contrasts were obtained.

EXAMPLE 2:

The dyeing was carried out on the same fibrous material and according to the same prescription as indicated in Example 1, however, 25 g of the disperse dyestuff of the formula ##SPC4##

50 g of the disperse dyestuff of the formula ##SPC5##

and 10 g of the disperse dyestuff of the formula ##SPC6##

were used in the sizing liquor.

Local, irregular tone-in-tone lightening effects were obtained. However, for example, when instead of the third, alkali-susceptible dyestuff mentioned above an alkali-resistent disperse dyestuff of the formula ##SPC7## was used, the lightening effects were not tone-in-tone, but dominantly reddish.

When in addition to the alkalis reactive dyestuffs were added to the spraying liquor, for example 20 g of the reactive dyestuff of the formula ##SPC8##

(Ni-Pc = nickel phthalocyanine), a lightening of the super-posed various shades were obtained on the warp at the alkalized places and a green effect was obtained on the weft yarn. In this case, also the cellulose portion was locally dyed by the reactive dyestuff. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A process for obtaining irregular tone-in-tone effects, shadow effects or multi-color effects on polyester fibers and blends thereof with cellulose fibers by padding polyester fiber-containing warps with a sizing liquor which contains, in addition to a sizing agent, a disperse dyestuff of the formula ##EQU3## wherein A is a mono or disazo dyestuff radical, R₁ is a direct bond, --CH₂ -- or --C₂ H₄ --, R₂ is --CH₂ -- or --C₂ H₄ --, Z₁ is --H, --OH, --CN or --OOC--CH₃, Z₂ is --H, --CN, --OOC--CH₃, ##EQU4## or ##SPC9##with subsequent drying and weaving these warps with weft yarn which is undyed or dyed in a different manner, without prior fixation, which process comprises binding the piece goods so obtained to a rope, loosely tying them and spraying them with an aqueous solution of an alkaline agent which is free from oxidizing or reducing agents, irregularly and unevenly from the outside, and thermosoling them after opening the rope to fix the dyestuff.
 2. The process as defined in claim 1 wherein the alkaline agent is a hydroxide, carbonate or triphosphate of an alkali metal or a mixture thereof.
 3. The process as defined in claim 2 in which the alkalinie agent is sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate.
 4. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein the aqueous solution contains 1 to 25 g/l of sodium hydroxide or 1 to 20 g/l of sodium carbonate or a mixture thereof within these ranges and has a pH value of 10.5 to
 14. 5. The process as defined in claim 1 of treating polyester fiber/cellulose blends which comprises adding a reactive dyestuff to the aqueous solution.
 6. The process as defined in claim 1 wherein an alkali-resistant disperse dyestuff is added to the aqueous solution. 